Lorena Jemeršić
Hrvatski veterinarski institut, Savska c. 143, 10000 Zagreb
E-mail: jemersic@veinst.hr
Izvor: Knjiga sažetaka simpozija “Afrička svinjska kuga – stanje i izazovi”
U Europi je divlja svinja prepoznata kao rezervoar virusa ASK, stoga su velika gustoća divljih svinja, kakva je zabilježena i u nekim regijama Hrvatske, te visoki postotak ekstenzivnih uzgoja domaćih svinja, važni čimbenici rizika od širenja zaraze. S obzirom da se ASK ne liječi, a do danas nije ni razvijeno učinkovito i dostupno cjepivo protiv ASK, pravilno upravljanje lovištima te primjena strogih biosigurnosnih mjera u lovištima i na farmama svinja su jedini alati prevencije širenja bolesti. U Hrvatskoj ASK nikada nije dokazana, međutim, sve mjere za rano otkrivanje i brzo prepoznavanje bolesti te rane dijagnostike zaraze pravovremeno su poduzete. Od 2010. godine Ministarstvo poljoprivrede (MP) propisuje aktivni i pasivni monitoring domaćih i divljih svinja, a iste je godine imenovan Nacionalni referentni laboratorij (NRL) za ASK. Nadalje, Stručno tijelo za ASK imenovano 2018. godine od strane MP utvrdilo je vrlo visoki rizik od pojave ASK u Hrvatskoj, pa su 2019. propisane i dodatne mjere sprječavanja ulaza i širenja virusa ASK u Hrvatsku. Jedna od njih je pojačani izlov matičnog fonda divljih svinja, dok je druga značajna mjera nadzor nad svim uzgojima domaćih svinja i procjena njihove biosigurnosti.
S obzirom da u prepoznavanju bolesti sudjeluju različiti sektori, pojačana je komunikacija i koordinacija između uzgajivača svinja, lovaca, doktora veterinarske medicine te veterinarskih inspektora i ostalih zainteresiranih dionika, uz kontinuirano održavanje radionica sa svrhom upoznavanja sa osobitostima pojave i mjerama suzbijanja ove vrlo opasne zarazne bolesti.
Ključne riječi: afrička svinjska kuga, nadzor, preventiva, Hrvatska
African swine fever – situation and steps taken in Croatia
Lorena Jemeršić
Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska c. 143, 10000 Zagreb
E-mail: jemersic@veinst.hr
A frican swine fever (ASF) is a viral contagious disease of domestic swine and wild boars manifested by infectious and hemorrhagic syndromes. The lethality of the disease may be as high as 100%. The occurrence of ASF is a cause of great direct and indirect economic losses in the swine industry due to the disease mortality rate as well as to strict and expensive eradication measures that must be carried out. Even though ASF is not a threat to human health, its occurrence may have a negative social impact. ASF was described at the beginning of the 20th century in Kenya and since then has entered Europe in 1957 and eradicated forty years later, and then again in 2007, when the virus spread from Caucasus to the European Union with first cases of disease reported in 2014. Currently, apart from Africa, ASF is detected in Russia (2007), Ukraine (2012), Belorussia (2013), Poland (2014), Latvia (2014), Lithuania (2014), Estonia (2015), Moldavia (2016), Romania (2017), Czech Republic (2017), Hungary (2018), Belgium (2018) and Bulgaria (2018), as well as China (2018), Mongolia (2019), Vietnam (2019) and Cambodia (2019).The wild boar has been recognized as the main reservoir of ASF virus in Europe, therefore a high density of the wild boar population, such as in Croatia and extensive swine production systems may present important risk factors for viral spread. Since there is no therapy for ASF, and currently there is no efficient vaccine available, appropriate and high quality management in hunting grounds and implementation of strict biosecurity measures in domestic swine farms are the only tools for ASF prevention. Even though ASF has never been reported in Croatia, measures for the early detection and diagnosis of the disease were implemented in 2010 when the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) prescribed active and passive monitoring of domestic swine and wild boars and nominated the Croatian Veterinary institute in Zagreb as the national referent laboratory for ASF diagnosis. In 2019, on the bases of a risk analysis produced by an Expert team appointed by MoA, showing that Croatia is under a high risk of ASF occurrence, additional measures for the prevention of ASF and its spread were prescribed such as reducing the number of wild boars and thorough inspection of all swine farms in Croatia in regards to the quality of biosecurity measures implemented.
Since different sectors must be involved in ASF recognition, collaboration and coordination of activities among swine holders, hunters, veterinarians, and other interested parties has been enhanced and workshops for better understanding of ASF are continuously conducted.
Keywords: African swine fever, monitoring, prevention, Croatia
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