Brucellosis in Slovenia – experiences in eradication
Brane Krt (1), Maja Sočan (2)
(1) Sveučilište u Ljubljani, Veterinarski Fakultet, Ljubljana, Slovenija
(2) Nacionalni institut za javno zdravstvo, Ljubljana, Slovenija
E-mail: Brane.Krt@vf.uni-lj.si
Prvi slučajevi bruceloze životinja u Sloveniji zabilježeni su u razdoblju između Prvog i Drugog svjetskog rata. Programi iskorjenjivanja započeli su nakon Drugog svjetskog rata.
Bruceloza (B. melitensis) u ovaca i koza iskorijenjena je 1951., a u goveda (B. abortus) 1962. godine.
Bruceloza goveda bila je prisutna u Sloveniji u razdoblju od 1927-1961. U središnjem i istočnom dijelu Slovenije zabilježeni su samo sporadični slučajevi, dok je alpsko područje Tolmin bilo enzootsko područje. Program iskorjenjivanja bolesti metodom „ispitivanja i klanja“ započeo je 1945. godine. U cilju smanjenja ekonomskih gubitaka, u spomenutom okrugu izvršena je vakcinacija junica. Tijekom iskorjenjivanja goveđe bruceloze, ubijeno je 1366 goveda i 93 ovce.
Bruceloza u malih preživača bila je prisutna na jugu i zapadu slovenskog teritorija u razdoblju od 1936-1949., najprije u ovaca, a kasnije i u koza, goveda i ljudi. Tijekom 1946. godine vakcinirano je oko 3 500 životinja. Iskorjenjivanje svih prijemljivih životinja i pozitivnih reaktora započelo je godinu dana kasnije, a provedeno je radikalnim programom, reguliranim kliničkim i epidemiološkim pretragama te serološkim testovima (serum aglutinacijski test i brucelin test). Program je podrazumijevao uklanjanje svih životinja na farmi u slučaju pronalaska pozitivne jedinke. Zaklano je 5 897 ovaca i 370 koza.
Prvi slučaj bruceloze u svinja bio je zabilježen 1946. godine. Epizootija je bila prisutna od 1949. do 1954. Pet godina kasnije izbila je bruceloza u zečeva.
U razdoblju od 1948 do 2013. u Sloveniji su prijavljena samo 93 slučaja bruceloze u ljudi, od čega najviše – njih 42 tijekom 1948. do 1949.godine. U ranom poslijeratnom razdoblju bruceloza je bila zabilježena u Kopru, Ljubljani i Novoj Gorici. Od sredine pedesetih godina na ovamo zabilježeni su samo slučajevi bolesti ljudi inficiranih izvan Slovenije, što je uglavnom povezano s konzumacijom kontaminirane hrane gdje je bruceloza još uvijek endemska bolest.
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Brucellosis in Slovenia – experiences in eradication
Brane Krt (1), Maja Sočan (2)
(1) University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia
(2) National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
E-mail: Brane.Krt@vf.uni-lj.si
First cases of animal brucellosis in Slovenia were reported in the period between 1st and 2 world war. The eradication programmes started after the Second world war. Brucellosis (B. melitensis) in sheep and goats was eradicated in 1951 and bovine brucellosis (B. abortus) in 1961.
Bovine brucellosis was present in Slovenia in the period 1927-1961. In the central and eastern part of Slovenia there were only sporadic cases recorded whereas in the so called Tolmin district in the Alpine area the disease was enzootic. The eradication programme using »test and slaughter« method started in 1945. In order to decrease economical losses the vaccination of young female animals was applied in Tolmin district. In total 1.366 bovines and 93 sheep were killed during eradication of bovine brucellosis.
Brucellosis in small ruminants had been present in the south and west of Slovenian territory in the period 1936 to 1949, first among sheep and later on also in goats, cattle and humans. About 3.500 animals were vaccinated in 1946. One year later the eradication started and it was conducted by a radical programme which directed clinical and epidemiological examinations and testing (SA and brucellin test) of all susceptible animals with culling of all positive reactors. At the end of eradication programme all animals on the farm were culled whenever only one positive animal has been found. In total 5.897 sheep and 370 goats were slaughtered.
Porcine brucellosis was first reported in 1946. It was epizootic in the period from 1949 to 1954 when the last case in pigs was recorded. Five years later an outbreak of brucellosis in hares was reported.
In the period 1948-2013 only 93 cases of human brucellosis were reported in Slovenia, the majority of them (42) in 1948-1949. Cases of brucellosis from early post-war time originated from Koper, Ljubljana and Nova Gorica region. From the mid 50’s on only imported cases of human brucellosis have been notified. These cases were usually connected with the consumption of contaminated food in the countries where brucellosis was still endemic.
