Ivan Toplak1, Urška Kuhar1, Gorazd Vengušt2, Diana Žele2, Marina Štukelj2, Tomislav Paller2, Špela Vidrih2, Matjaž Ocepek2
1 University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, National Veterinary Institute, National Reference Laboratory for African swine fever, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
2 University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, National Veterinary Institute, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
E-mail: ivan.toplak@vf.uni-lj.si
Izvor: Knjiga sažetaka simpozija “Afrička svinjska kuga – stanje i izazovi”
Nacionalni centar za kontrolu bolesti Slovenije u sklopu Uprave Republike Slovenije za sigurnost hrane, veterinarsku i biljnu zaštitu (AFSVPP) uveo je 2014. nekoliko preventivnih akcija za sprječavanje pojave ASK i obvezujućih uputa za lovce, farmere i posjetitelje. Od svibnja 2018. pojačao se pasivni nadzor svih ustrijeljenih, bolesnih, uginulih ili u prometnim nezgodama ozlijeđenih divljih svinja na prisutnost virusa ASK unutar 48 sati. Sva nađena trupla divljih svinja prijavljuju se putem hitnog informacijskog sustava 112 te prikupljaju i prevoze od strane veterinarske higijenske službe. Uzimanje uzoraka i laboratorijska dijagnostika na ASK provodi se u Nacionalnom veterinarskom institutu.
Metode RT-PCR u stvarnom vremenu za dokaz genoma virusa ASK i ELISA za dokaz specifičnih protutijela akreditirane su prema normi ISO 17025/2017.
Na osnovi godišnje naredbe u Sloveniji je od 2014. oko 5% populacije divljih svinja bilo pretraženo na protutijela za virus ASK i 1% uginulih domaćih svinja na prisutnost virusa ASK.
Plan različitih mogućnosti za ASK bio je ažuriran 2018. godine kada su istodobno bili poboljšani kapaciteti imenovanog laboratorija za brzu dijagnostiku ASK.
Od 2003. u Sloveniji je zabranjena hranidba svinja pomijama.
Specifični podatci o stanju ASK u regiji objavljivani su u tjednim izvješćima na web stranici AFSVPP.
Informativni listići ili plakati podijeljeni su izravno farmerima i lovcima, a postavljeni su i na mnogim prometnim mjestima kao što su luke, zračne luke, odmorišta na prometnicama i sl. kako bi se obavijestilo prijevoznike i putnike o mogućoj opasnosti od pojave ASK.
Prva simulacijska vježba o ASK u divljih svinja bila je organizirana 2014., a 2018. bilo je organizirano nekoliko stručnih sastanaka fokusiranih na rano otkrivanje bolesti, odgovor i preventivne mjere. Lovci, lovački klubovi i Slovensko lovačko društvo kao i šumske službe važan su partner u nadzoru i kontroli ASK u divljih svinja.
Ključne riječi: afrička svinjska kuga, proširenost, način prijenosa, preventiva, kontrola
Measures for the prevention of the outbreak of African swine fever in Slovenia
Ivan Toplak1, Urška Kuhar1, Gorazd Vengušt2, Diana Žele2, Marina Štukelj2, Tomislav Paller2, Špela Vidrih2, Matjaž Ocepek2
1 University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, National Veterinary Institute, National Reference Laboratory for African swine fever, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
2 University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, National Veterinary Institute, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
E-mail: ivan.toplak@vf.uni-lj.si
A frican swine fever (ASF) is a complex and lethal disease of swine with major negative impact on regional, national and international trade. In Slovenia the ASF has never been notified. In ASF affected countries of East Europe wild boars are main source of infection for domestic pig population and indicator of ASF virus persistence in the environment. Recently ASF has been confirmed for the first time in Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Belgium and the further spreading of disease is highly likely. Early detection, fast diagnosis, quick response and good communications are main point for minimising the spread of ASF after incursion.
Since 2014 National Disease Control Centre in Slovenia, working within the Administration of the Republic of Slovenia for Food Safety, Veterinary and Plant Protection (AFSVPP) have been implemented several ASF preventive actions and mandatory instructions for hunters, farmers and visitors.
Since May 2018 enhanced passive surveillance, including laboratory testing of all shot sick, dead or injured wild boars in vehicle accidents for presence of ASF virus are obligatory tested within 48 hours. All found carcasses of wild boar are reported through emergency information system 112, collected and transported by veterinary hygiene service. Sampling and laboratory diagnostics of ASF are performed within National Veterinary Institute.
Real-time RT-PCR method for the detection of ASF viral genome and ELISA test for detection of ASF antibodies are implemented within the accreditation scope, according to ISO 17025/2017.
Within an annual order about 5% of hunted wild boar population in Slovenia is tested for ASF antibodies and 1% of dead domestic pigs are tested for detection of ASF virus since 2014. A contingency plan for ASF was updated in 2018 and capacities of nominated laboratory for fast diagnostics of ASF were improved.
Swill feeding is prohibited in Slovenia since year 2003.
Specific data describing ASF situation in region are displayed in weekly reports at web page of AFSVPP.
Informative leaflets or posters were distributed directly to farmers, hunters and at main transit areas (ports, airports, motorway stops) to inform carriers and travellers about the disease threat.
First simulation exercise of ASF in wild boar was organised in 2014 and several meetings for veterinarians, with focus on early recognition of disease, response and preventive actions, were implemented in 2018. Hunters, hunting clubs and Slovenian hunting association as well as forestry service are important partners in surveillance and control of ASF in wild boar.
Keywords: African swine fever, distribution, route of transmission, prevention, control
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