Prevalence of Brucella melitensis infection in ruminants in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Lejla Velić
Veterinarski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Bosna i Hercegovina
E-mail: zaraze@vfs.unsa.ba
Bruceloza je oboljenje životinja i ljudi rasprostranjeno gotovo po cijelom svijetu. Iako je ova bolest uspješno kontrolirana u većini razvijenih zemalja, klinički se često javlja na Srednjem Istoku, Aziji, Africi, Južnoj i Centralnoj Americi, zatim Mediteranskom bazenu i Karibima. Mediteran se smatara prirodnim staništem vrste B. melitensis, a naročito zahvaća zemlje smještene duž sjeverne i istočne obale.
Bruceloza je na prostoru bivše Jugoslavije prvi put bila dijagnosticirana 1946. godine kod ovaca i koza u Istri i Slovenskom primorju, ali je u tijeku nekoliko narednih godina bila iskorijenjena. Dugi niz godina nije je bilo na prostorima Jugoslavije, da bi se ponovno pojavila 1978. godine u Makedoniji, a do kraja osamdesetih godina zahvatila cijelu Makedoniju, Kosovo, Metohiju i južni dio centralne Srbije. Individualni i sporadični slučajevi bruceloze kod životinja u Bosni i Hercegovini bili su dijagnosticirani 2001. godine, iako se enzootski bolest javljala sedamdesetih i ranih osamdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća. Primjenom učinkovitih mjera bila je uspješno iskorijenjen. Novi brojni slučajevi bruceloze kod životinja, ali i kod ljudi javljaju se od 2004. godine, a broj oboljelih ljudi bio je u korelaciji sa porastom slučajeva u životinja.
Tijekom istraživanog razdoblja od 2005. do 2009. godine pretraženi su na brucelozu uzorci krvi 221 413 preživača iz deset kantona i Distrikta Brčko u Bosni i Hercegovini. Pozitivne reakcije utvrđene su u 23 703 (10,7%) preživača. Ukupno su pretražene krvi 52732 goveda, a pozitivne reakcije utvrđene su u 475 (0,9%). Pretraženo je 167 263 krvi ovaca, a pozitivne reakcije utvrđene su u 23011 (13.6%). U istom razdoblju pretražene su krvi 1418 koza, a pozitivne reakcije utvrđene su u 217 (15,3%).
Ukupno je tijekom istraživanog razdoblja bakteriološki na brucelozu bilo pretraženo 640 uzoraka (80 goveda, 483 ovce i 44 koze i 33 uzorka hemokulture ljudi), a brucele su izdvojene i identificirane iz 162 (25,3%) uzoraka.
Izdvojeni izolati bili su, klasičnim bakteriološkim postupcima identificirani kao Brucella melitensis biovar 3.
← BRUCELOZA U HRVATSKOJ I SUSJEDNIM ZEMLJAMA
Prevalence of Brucella melitensis infection in ruminants in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Lejla Velić
Veterinary faculty University of Sarajevo, Bosna and Herzegovina.
E-mail: zaraze@vfs.unsa.ba
Brucellosis is a high contagious disease of animals and humans spread all over the world.
Although the disease is successfully controlled in most developed countries, it still clinically often occurs in the middle East, Asia, Africa, South and Central America, Mediterranean basin and in the Caribbean. The Mediterranean is considered as the natural home of B. melitensis, particularly the countries located along the northern and eastern coast.
Concerning the former Yugoslavian territory, brucellosis was for the first time diagnosed in sheep and goats in Istria and Slovenian coast in 1947, but eventually it was eradicated in the ongoing few years. For many years there was no evidence of brucellosis in former Yugoslavia, when in 1978 it reappeared in Macedonia, and by the end of the eighties engulfed the whole Macedonia, Kosovo, Metohija and southern part of central Serbia. Individual and sporadic cases of brucellosis in animals in Bosnia and Herzegovina were diagnosed in 2001, although enzootic disease occurred in seventies and early eighties of the last century, with the implementation of effective measures the disease was successfully eradicated. Numerous new cases of brucellosis in animals and in humans occurred in 2004. The number of affected people was correlated with an increase in diseased animals.
During the test period from 2005 to 2009, blood samples of 221 413 ruminants from ten cantons and Brcko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina were examined for brucellosis. Positive reactions were determined in 23 703 cases (10,7%). Among the 52 732 tested cattle, positive reactions were found in 475 cases (0.9%). Of 167 263 tested blood samples originated from sheep, positive reactions were detected in 23 011 samples (13,6%). In the same period 1 418 goats were tested, and positive reactions were found in 217 cases (15,3%).
In total, during the research period on 640 samples (80 cattle, 483 sheep, 44 goats and 33 human blood culture) bacteriological tests were performed, and Brucella was isolated and identified from 162 (25,3%) samples.
Classical bacteriological methods all isolates were identified as Brucella melitensis biovar 3.
